Jñānaṃ vijñānaṃ saha karmaṇā or “Knowledge, wisdom, and action together”, Vijñānaṃ jīvanasya prakāśaḥ or Science is the light of life. This phrase highlights that scientific knowledge, understanding, and wisdom illuminate life, guiding humanity out of the darkness of ignorance. Vijñānaṃ saṃsāra sāgara tārakam or Science is the boat to cross the ocean of worldly life.
These venerable Sanskrit truisms resonate profoundly in the context of women’s empowerment in science as we traverse the labyrinthine corridors of India’s scientific and technological odyssey. In the kaleidoscopic tapestry of India’s development, science and technology emerge as the fulcrum upon which the nation’s progress pivots.
Prologue – Unveiling the Tapestry of Scientific Ingenuity
As the world grapples with pressing challenges like climate change, biodiversity loss, and social inequalities, the role of science and technology in achieving sustainable development has never been more crucial. As India strives to become a Viksit Bharat (Developed India) by 2047, the role of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) assumes paramount importance. The participation of women in science has been a transformative force in shaping the destiny of nations, and India’s progress is inextricably linked to the empowerment of its women scientists. The theme, “Women in Science: Catalysing Vikshit Bharat“, underscores the imperative of empowering women in STEM to drive innovation and progress.
The Genesis of National Science Day: A Confluence of Curiosity and Genius
One of the most eminent physicists Sri C.V. Raman did trailblazing work in the field of science and discovered the Raman Effect, a groundbreaking phenomenon unveiled on February 28, 1928, specifically light scattering revolutionized our understanding of light-matter interactions, precipitating a paradigm shift in physics, chemistry, and materials science which even got him to earn the prestigious Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.
As a commemoration to this pioneering achievement, the National Council for Science and Technology Communication (NCSTC) then proposed to celebrate 28 February as National Science Day in 1986. The then Government of India, cognizant of this seminal discovery’s profound impact, declared February 28 as National Science Day in 1986 and the first National Science Day was observed in 1987. Since then, National Science Day is not only about celebrating just one scientific discovery and thinking the notable physicist but also applauds the path to innovation and science in India.
Significance: Illuminating the Path to Viksit Bharat
National Science Day transcends the realm of mere celebration, emerging as a clar Science Day, serving as a clarion call to promote scientific temper, innovation, and inclusivity. The theme for 2026, “Women in Science: Catalyzing Viksit Bharat,” underscores the pivotal role women play in shaping India’s scientific trajectory.
A Historical Perspective
The history of women in science is replete with examples of trailblazers who defied conventions and shattered glass ceilings. From the pioneering work of Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, to the illustrious career of Indian mathematician Shakuntala Devi, women have consistently demonstrated their prowess in science and technology. The story of Hypatia, a Greek mathematician and astronomer, serves as a testament to the enduring legacy of women in science.
Breaking Stereotypes: Women in STEM
Despite the progress made, women continue to face challenges in pursuing careers in science and technology. The leaky pipeline phenomenon, where women drop out of STEM fields due to various reasons, is a pressing concern. However, initiatives like the Women in Science (WIS) program, launched by the Department of Science and Technology (DST), aim to address this issue by providing fellowships, grants, and mentorship opportunities to women scientists.
Women in Science: A Catalyst for Change
The theme for this year, “Women in Science: Catalyzing Viksit Bharat” is not simply symbolically important. It is an indication that women will be equal participants in fulfilling the Indian vision of a fully developed, technologically advanced, inclusive and globally competitive nation by 2047. The 2026 theme emphasizes the critical role women play in driving scientific progress and innovation. With women constituting only about 20-22% of researchers in AI-related fields, there is a pressing need to bridge the gender gap in STEM. Initiatives like WISE-KIRAN, Vigyan Jyoti, and GATI aim to empower women scientists, providing fellowships, research grants, and mentorship opportunities.
There can never be any doubt about women’s capability whenever placed in a position of responsibility and deliverance. Women scientists have played leading roles in national missions in space, biotechnology, health, and environmental science, demonstrating that when entrusted with responsibility they deliver outcomes of strategic importance. Outstanding examples include scientists such as Ritu Karidhal, the mission director of the Chandrayaan-2 mission, also known as the ‘Rocket Woman of India’; Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw, the billionaire entrepreneur, Founder of Biocon Limited and Biocon Biologics Limited; Tessy Thomas, also known as the ‘Missile Woman of India’; Dr. Sumathy K, who heads the Research and Development wing at Bharat Biotech, was a key woman scientist behind the development of Covaxin, India’s first indigenous COVID-19 vaccine. Dr. Indira Hinduja, first Indian doctor to successfully deliver an IVF baby. These are just a few names among all the women scientists who have done outstanding work whenever they had the opportunity and support.
Inspiring Examples/ Contributions of Women in STEM: A Multifaceted Tapestry
- *Kalpana Chawla*: The first Indian-American woman in space, Kalpana Chawla’s remarkable journey is an inspiration to aspiring scientists worldwide.
- *Sunita Williams*: A NASA astronaut, Sunita Williams has spent over 322 days in space, demonstrating exceptional courage and dedication.
- *Tessy Thomas*: Known as the ‘Missile Woman of India’, Tessy Thomas has played a crucial role in the development of the Agni-V missile.
- *Rachana Baid*: A scientist at the Indian Institute of Science, Rachana Baid’s work on nanotechnology has led to breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
In fact, these contemporary successes stand on foundations laid by earlier pioneers who advanced science despite formidable barriers. Kamala Sohonie, the first Indian woman to earn a PhD in a scientific discipline, transformed nutritional science through her research on vitamins, while Anna Mani developed indigenous meteorological instruments that remain fundamental to weather forecasting and renewable energy assessment. Similarly, Janaki Ammal in plant cytogenetics and Asima Chatterjee in medicinal chemistry demonstrated world-class scientific excellence decades before institutional support systems existed. Their achievements proved that capability was never the constraint; opportunity was.
Government Initiatives
The Government of India has launched several initiatives to promote women in science, including:
- Women in Science (WIS) program: Providing fellowships, grants, and mentorship opportunities to women scientists.
- Science and Technology for Women (STW) program: Supporting research and development projects led by women scientists.
- National Science and Technology Policy: Encouraging women to pursue careers in science and technology.
Challenges Ahead
Despite the progress made, women in science continue to face challenges, including:
- *Gender bias*: Women scientists often face bias and stereotypes, hindering their career advancement.
- *Work-life balance*: Women scientists often struggle to balance their professional and personal lives.
- *Lack of opportunities*: Women scientists may face limited opportunities for career advancement and research funding.
Celebrations and Events: A Tapestry of Scientific Discourse
The day is replete with a myriad of events, including science exhibitions, lectures, and interactive sessions, designed to ignite the spark of scientific curiosity in young minds. Eminent institutions such as the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education and the Raman Research Institute orchestrate activities that foster a culture of scientific inquiry and excellence.
Epilogue: A Legacy of Inventiveness and Sagacity
The empowerment of women in science is crucial for India’s development and growth. By addressing the challenges faced by women scientists and providing them with opportunities and support, we can catalyze the growth of the nation and create a brighter future for all. As the Sanskrit adage goes, Sanghe śakti kaliyugeor “Unity is strength in the age of Kali”, let us unite to promote women in science and create a Viksit Bharat.
The writer is Faculty, Brahma Kumaris, RERF & Professor (Ex- Dean & Head), Faculty of Education, Rajiv Gandhi Central University, Itanagar; Tel: 9436042658, 8837245051
